TY - JOUR
T1 - Distributed Nash equilibrium seeking for aggregative games of linear systems subject to unknown disturbances
AU - Liu, Lupeng
AU - Deng, Fang
AU - Chen, Jie
AU - Lu, Maobin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2026/1
Y1 - 2026/1
N2 - In this paper, we address the distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem for aggregative games of N players subject to unknown disturbances over strongly connected networks. Compared with existing works, the general linear dynamics, general directed and strongly connected networks, as well as unknown disturbances are tackled simultaneously in the aggregative games. First, by introducing certain coordinate transformation and feedback linearization method, we develop a distributed gradient-based Nash equilibrium seeking law. A dynamic average consensus dynamics is designed to deal with the challenge by unbalance of general strongly connected networks. By the graph-related property and converse Lyapunov theorem, we establish the global exponential stability of a linear system and a class of nonlinear systems, respectively. Then, we propose a gain design method to obtain the stability of the nonlinear closed-loop system, which is not in the lower triangular form. Inspired by the output regulation theory, we design an internal model and an adaptive dynamics to tackle the unknown disturbances. Resorting to the perturbation theory and the internal model principle, we demonstrate that distributed Nash equilibrium seeking for aggregative games of N players with general linear systems subject to unknown disturbances over strongly connected networks can be achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed distributed Nash equilibrium seeking approaches are verified by their applications to some simulation examples.
AB - In this paper, we address the distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem for aggregative games of N players subject to unknown disturbances over strongly connected networks. Compared with existing works, the general linear dynamics, general directed and strongly connected networks, as well as unknown disturbances are tackled simultaneously in the aggregative games. First, by introducing certain coordinate transformation and feedback linearization method, we develop a distributed gradient-based Nash equilibrium seeking law. A dynamic average consensus dynamics is designed to deal with the challenge by unbalance of general strongly connected networks. By the graph-related property and converse Lyapunov theorem, we establish the global exponential stability of a linear system and a class of nonlinear systems, respectively. Then, we propose a gain design method to obtain the stability of the nonlinear closed-loop system, which is not in the lower triangular form. Inspired by the output regulation theory, we design an internal model and an adaptive dynamics to tackle the unknown disturbances. Resorting to the perturbation theory and the internal model principle, we demonstrate that distributed Nash equilibrium seeking for aggregative games of N players with general linear systems subject to unknown disturbances over strongly connected networks can be achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed distributed Nash equilibrium seeking approaches are verified by their applications to some simulation examples.
KW - Aggregative games
KW - Disturbance rejection
KW - Linear systems
KW - Nash equilibrium seeking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017000145
U2 - 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112603
DO - 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112603
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105017000145
SN - 0005-1098
VL - 183
JO - Automatica
JF - Automatica
M1 - 112603
ER -